Hello ,
In this article, I will tell you about the expressions that form the basis of sql and how to give aliases to columns.
NULL EXPRESSION
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Null values are unknown , unspecified .
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When null is entered into an arithmetic operation , the result will be null .
SELECT EXPRESSION
With the SELECT statement , we select the columns to use in the table that we select , or if we use all the columns , we select all the columns in the table by using (*) . As an example of its use :
SELECT kolon_adi FROM tablo_adi or
SELECT * FROM tablo_adi used in the form .
Here I have selected all fields with SELECT * in my SH.CUSTOMERS table .
FROM EXPRESSION
The From statement specifies our table containing the specified columns .
SELECT * FROM SH.CUSTOMERS;
WHERE EXPRESSION
We use the where statement to restrict the fetch of data, and to bind them to a condition . For example , if we want to see 30-year-old workers in our worker table , we use where .
SELECT*FROM ADMIN.ISCI WHERE yas=30;
Let’s make another example .
SELECT * FROM SH.CUSTOMERS WHERE CUST_YEAR_OF_BIRTH > 1964;
In this query , we wanted to see those whose birth date is greater than 1964 , and the result of running this query below :
another example :
SELECT * FROM ADMIN.NEW_TABLE WHERE SALARY < 3000;
NAMING OF COLUMNS (ALIAS)
Nicknames given to columns do not cause any changes in our result set , we only use these names in our sql query . Alias are written just after the column name . The AS statement can be written between the column name and the alias we give to the column , but it is not mandatory . AS is used here as “as” . If you want to use as # , $ , , uppercase and lowercase letters and Turkish characters , Alias is written in double quotes .
SELECT CUST_FIRST_NAME "ADI" FROM SH.CUSTOMERS;
JOINING OPERATOR
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Used to merge columns and strings.
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Pipe = ‘| | ‘ .
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The CONCAT command can be used for merge operations .
SELECT DISTINCT CUST_FIRST_NAME | | ' ' | | CUST_LAST_NAME AS "AD SOYAD" FROM SH.CUSTOMERS;
REPEATING LINES
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We use the DISTINCT command to combine multiple but identical lines into a single row . In our example below , we ran this query because we don’t want to see duplicate values in the cust_first_name column .
SELECT DISTINCT CUST_FIRST_NAME FROM SH.CUSTOMERS;
VIEWING TABLE STRUCTURE
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The DESCRIBE command is used to display the table structure . Usage :
DESC[RIBE] table_name ;
DESC SH.COSTS;
This is the structure of the sh.costs table you see above .
another example :
DESC ADMIN.NEW_TABLE;
See you in my next post.